Finnish-English Dictionary of Finance and Economics

выберите букву: abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwyäö

Finnish Words starting with letter «V»

results found: 973

claim, legal claim

term of office, (government's, presidential) term of office

walk-in closet, cloakroom, cloak-room

demand, require, call for, insist, necessitate, ask, claim, stipulate, challenge, lay claim

claim, demand; requirement

according to the requirements, as required

average adjuster

compensation for damages, damages, compensation for losses; compensation for disturbance; damages

claim for damages

claim for damages, claim for reparation, claim for insurance compensation

liability for damages, indemnity liability (e.g. insurance)

harm, damage; trouble, accident; mistake; loss

repair of damage

indemnity insurance, insurance against loss or damage, risk insurance, property insurance against possible damage, insurance to compensate for losses

confirmation, ratification; to sign, undersign; reinforcement

positive feedback process

confirmation

gains from exchange

stages

sequential game (game theory)

stage plan

replacement

volatility

range, range of variation

trade, barter; change, exchange; transplant, transfer; turnover

inventory accruals, accruals of inventory

inventory turnover, inventory turnover ratio

inventory increase

inventory decrease

current assets, inventories; stocks (accounting)

exchange value, value in exchange

alternative, option, choice

alternative transport fuel

alternative energy sources

opportunity cost

alternative use value, the value of the alternative use

alternative cost

alternative calculation

country's current account (balance of payments), current account, current account balance; external account, balance of payments, foreign balance; transaction table

current account deficit

current account surplus

convertible bonds

changing, volatile

adjustable rate, floating rate, variable interest rate

variable length, adjustable length

current assets

current assets

exceptional reduction in value of current assets

effect, impact, influence

impact area, service area

boundary of areas of influence, breaking point

negative feedback process

surface area

vacancy rate (rental)

person without legal capacity, ward

incapacity

firm right of possession

stable equilibrium

inflation-stabilising rate of unemployment

financially solid, solvent, established, solid, financially sound

solvency, creditworthiness

permanent contract

staff position

permanent, standard; constant

standard price method

indifference curve

constant returns to scale

standard contract

standard contract

constant term

permanent

regular customer

permanent residence, permanent accommodation, permanent home

regular customer

regular customer

established post, regular appointment, full-time job

collateralised mortgage obligation (CMO); secured mortgage bond

collateralised debt obligation

deposit of security; provision of security

secured party; holder in pawn; mortgagee; holder of a pledge

unsecured (loan)

collateral, security, loan security, pledge, guarantee, mortgage; confirmation, identification

valuation for lending purposes, collateral assessment

mortgage lending value (MLV)

Guarantee Fund

guarantee certificate, certificate of guarantee, guarantee

collateral note

insurer, underwriter

insurer, underwriter

insurances 

insurance

compliance statement, compliance declaration

obligatory insurance

insurance cost, insurance assessment, insurance amount, insurance valuation

insurance valuation

insurable value, insured value, insurance cost, insurance assessment, insurance amount

insurance conditions, terms of insurance

insurance certificate, certificate of insurance, insurance policy

loan under insurance policy

indemnity value, the amount of insurance indemnity

insurance premium, insurance indemnity, insurance compensation, insurance payment

insurance expenses, insurance costs

insurance premium, insurance payment

tax on certain insurance premiums, insurance premium tax

amount of insurance, sum insured

insurance advisor

compulsory (obligatory) insurance

insurance payment, insurance premium

insurance fraud

insurance fund, safety fund

insurance risk

contract of insurance, insurance contract, insurance agreement

insurance amount, insurance payment

insurance certificate

insurance association

insurance company

fictious transaction, sham transaction, fictitious (simulated) contract (promise)

pseudo-legal, pro forma transaction, simulated transaction

segregation

selective migration

option, choice

selection

Selection Committee

selection criteria

selection process

benchmarking

select invoices

select source

appeal (decision, sentence, verdict); regret; complain

appellant, complainant, plaintiff, claimant, petitioner

complaint, appeal, cassation

appeal period, term for appeal, cassation period

appeal document, appeal, complaint

leave to appeal, permission to appeal

application for leave to appeal

right of appeal

appeal instructions

appeal process

white-collar worker

restriction of property rights

finished and semi-finished goods

finished products, goods

product, manufactured product, output

preparation

manufactured home, site-set home

finished goods inventory, product warehouse, stock of products

excise duty, excise tax; consumption tax levied on certain products

collection of excise duties

production for own use, manufacturing for (company's) own use

production accounting, factory accounting, cost calculation

production costs, costs of production, expenses of production

production costs, manufacturing costs, operating expenses, manufacturing expenses

production license, license for production

license, manufacturing permit, production license, license for production

producer state, manufacturing country, producing country

manufacturing method, production method

production monopoly

serial number, registration number, slip number

manufacturing instruction, technological instruction

production right, right to manufact

place of manufacture

production process, manufacturing process

production date, release date, due date, date of issue, manufacturing date

production accounting, production records

preparatory work, preliminary work

manufacturing stage, preparation period, manufacturing period

manufacturing defect, manufacturing fault, processing flaw

production year

production capacity, production facilities, production equipment

production unit, business unit

power

governing elite

letter of attorney, power of attorney; credentials, letters of credence

national land use guideline

national planning

main road, freeway, highway, motorway

claim impediment

claim

licence to work a mine

state, country

state-led economy, developmental state; state aims to promote the development of the economy

state language, official language

government securities, state securities

Housing Fund of Finland

state run public authorities, organs of government, bodies of state administration (government, management), public service

governmental cadastral authority, state cadastral authority

public land, state land, state-owned land

government spending, public expenses, state charge

government bond, government securities, state securities

state guaranteed loan for an owner-occupied apartment

Technical Research Centre of Finland

government bond

government authority, state authority

state aid, government grant

government subsidy, government aid, state subsidy, state allowance,

government transfers and grants

state budget, national budget

state pension

council of ministers, cabinet, government

government, public administration

state treasury, public finance

government loan

public office, public institution, government (governmental, state) agency

national flag, state flag, national colours

state loan, government stock, state credit, public credit

national (state) budget, public account, public finances

government expenditures, budget expenditures, government spending, public expenses, state charge

state forest

government monopoly, state monopoly, public monopoly

government bond

government securities, public securities, state securities

national property, public property, state property

central government transfers to local government, statutory government contributions

state bank, national bank

state police

head of state

state treasury, national treasury, government finance, public finances, treasury

state border, national boundary, international line

national railway, state railroad, state railway

state standard, government standard

state scholarship

public prosecutor, prosecutor

state guarantee

state guarantee

national economy, national economy, public finance

state audit

state aid, government support

state aid scheme

government revenues, budget revenues, revenues for the state, internal revenue, public revenue, national incomes

national insurance, state insurance

finance, public finance, public fund

anti-state, antistate

state debt, national debt, public debt

government debt crisis

state tax

state taxation

government agency, public office, public institution

government (public) service, civil service, state service

civil service employee (worker), official, public sector employee, public officer

civil service employee (worker), official, public sector employee, public officer

state company, state enterprise, government firm, state-owned company, public company; state-run enterprise, public enterprise, government enterprise

State University, state-run university

authorised warehousekeeper, authorised warehouse keeper

authorisation

water catchment area

currency

exchange rate

foreign exchange markets, foreign exchange market, currency market

exchange reserve, currency (foreign exchange) reserve

currency risk

foreign exchange losses, currency exchange losses

foreign currency bank account

supervisor, manager, co-ordinator

supervision, observation, control, inspection; guardianship

control system

monitoring report, follow-up report

control duty, control obligation, monitoring obligation

supervisor, supervisory authorities, supervisory body, committee of supervision

prisoners’ dilemma (game theory)

parental allowances

stale, expired

Programme for the Protection of Old-Growth-Forests

unoccupied, free, vacant

unallocated space

free trade; free market

free competition, unrestricted competition

issue of shares for new shareholders

non restricted equity capital

free share

vacant space

vacant space

free home delivery, free delivery

option; free choice, choice

convertible currency, convertible (hard) currency, freely convertible currency, free currency, freely convertible exchange

vacant position

vacation home

free zone

voluntary

voluntary insurance of an automobile itself; Casco, Casualty and Collision insurance, and Comprehensive motor vehicle insurance

voluntary compensation

voluntary transfer

ex gratia payment

voluntary liquidation

voluntary insurance

optional staff expenses

voluntary staff expenses

voluntary measures, voluntary actions

untaxed reserves (for example, guarantee reserve: takuuvaraus)

change in voluntary reserves, change in untaxed reserves

voluntary work, unpaid voluntary work

free rider

amount of free space, vacancy rate (real estate),

free port

free market

bonded warehouse, free store

release holds

discharge, rid

exemption (from charges); redemption

asset and liability regulation; treasury

treasurer

financial management

fiscal year

transfer tax, asset transfer tax

deputy member, supplementary member, associate, deputy

stand-by-for emergency duties, stand-by, duty, skeleton staff on duty, availability, being on call, being on duty, being on standby, being on reserve, on-call duty

stand-by compensation; compensation to the employee for being available for call-out to work, if required by the employer

wealth; assets (accounting)

asset price

property rights

law of property

wealth tax, net worth tax, net wealth tax

stock, reserves, fund, reserve fund

reserve fund, restricted reserves, legal reserve

warehouse, storage; stock

inventory budget

store‚ warehouse, stock, stockpile, reserve, bin, keep, garner, stow, store up

storage of goods

warehouse warrant

change in inventories

inventory accounting, stock accounting, stock bookkeeping

inventory entries

inventory turnover, inventory turnover ratio

increase in inventory

inventory change, change in inventory

inventory change account

stock cost revaluation, inventory reassessment

decrease in inventory

inventory management

inventory account, warehouse account

emergency electricity system

means, funds, resources; assets (accounting)

assets and liabilities

book, reserve, allocate, put aside, occupy, bag, hold, allot, charge

reserve details

reserve summary

provision, provisions for liabilities and charges, appropriations

provision (accounting); reserve; ordering, booking

variance (math.); inconsistency, discrepancy

verifiable information

use of funds

sources of funds

careful, cautious, wary; prudent

prudence, guardedness

principle of prudence, precautionary principle

prudential policy

precautionary saving

actual member

security

shipping company

Left Alliance

defendant

consignee, receiver, recipient, acceptor, addressee

Received for Shipment Bill of Lading

to whom this may concern; as a begin for formal letter to an unknown recipient; to the recipient

acceptance, receipt; reception, meeting

date of receipt, time of receipt

receiving region

place of receipt, reception site, place of delivery

examination procedure for approval

certificate of receipt

active part of balance sheet, assets

assets (accounting)

opposite

future capital expense

future expenditure

counterclaim, cross-claim, counter-claim, counter action

counter-entry

opposite, contrary, contradictory, counter to

opposite number

opposite polynomial

opposing party, counterparty

counterparty risk

counterclaim

appellant’s or respondent’s rejoinder

countercyclical

counteroffer

contra account, counter account, offset account, opposite account

countermeasure

passive part of balance sheet, equity and liabilities

liabilities (accounting)

answer

adverse selection

reciprocity

involuntary

management charge, management fee, payment, compensation, remuneration

land for exchange

compensation for unused compensatory leave

against payment, for consideration, remunerative

free, gratuitous, without refund, without compensation

gratuitous transfer

gratuitous acquisition

corresponding angles

corresponding points

co-financing, co-funding

co-financing authority, co-financier

co-financing, co-funding

corresponding sides

liability

responsible person, person in charge

exclusion of liability, limitation of liability

general partner, responsible partner

liability insurance

discharge from liability, discharge from obligations

wealth, prosperity

damaged property

conducting of water, water diversion, export, water drainage, drainage system

water cooling

water supply

water level

water right, water use right

water catchment, water intake

abstraction of water

right to a water supply

water catchment, water intake

water control, water regulation

note receivable

purchase on credit

debtor, covenantor, borrower

liabilities (accounting), debts

liabilities and shareholder's equity

amounts owed to participating interest companies

liabilities to shareholders, amounts owed to shareholders

liabilities to group members companies

free from debt, unlevered

debt

debt-to-equity ratio, debt-to-asset ratio, gearing, gearing ratio, risk ratio, leverage ratio

promissory note, debt liability, debt instrument, bill of debt, bond

debt programme

share of liabilities

promissory note, debt liability

note payable

creditor, lender

accounts payable increase

accounts payable decrease

charge

accounting entry is made on the debit side of the account, debit

charging

debit (in accounting: debit and credit)

injunction, obligation

obligation, duty

online shop, online store, webshop

e-invoicing, e-invoice

online service, internet service

online bank user identifier, Netbank online code; personal security codes (id-code) for using bank account via internet

website, web site

website support

e-contract, agreement created and "signed" in electronic form, agreement online, electronic contract, online electronic contract

network

network economies of scale

network economies of scale

tax

property tax, tax on property

object of taxation

tax territory

tax consultant

tax department, tax inspection department

state official representing the interests of tax recipients

tax ratio

tax scale

tax representative

tax proposal; summary of income and wealth sent for inspection to a natural person liable to taxation

advance tax payment, tax prepayment

tax administration

National Board of Taxes, authority in charge of tax administration

tax exemption, tax relief

tax relief

tax benefit

tax return, tax statement, tax declaration

advance tax payment, tax prepayment

tax collection, taxation, collection of tax

tax rate

tax period, taxable period

tax period for VAT

tax haven

tax consultant

tax code

tax card

tax expense

tax types

tax law

tax notice, tax statement, breakdown of taxes due

tax additions report

taxable, liable to taxation, chargeable to tax, subject to tax; including tax

price including tax

taxable account

tax roll

assessment, tax classification

tax bracket

tax model

tax change

tax incidence

debiting of tax

tax basis, tax base

taxable, liable to taxation, chargeable to tax, subject to tax

chargeability to tax, taxability, subjection to tax

tax reduction

assessor, tax assessor

tax transparency

tax consultant

tax exemption, tax relief, tax concession

tax collection

purpose of tax collection, purpose of levying taxes

tax evasion, tax fraud

tax increase, tax penalty, surcharge for late payment of tax

tax set-off

penalty for non-payment of tax in time, penalty for late payment of taxes, surtax

tax deferral

taxpayer

payment of taxes

tax-paying ability

liability to pay tax

tax adjustment, corrective assessment, rectification of an error in taxation

refund to the taxpayer of the amount of overpaid taxes, tax refund, noverpayment refund

tax recipient

rendering of account of taxes

tax number

tax services

tax haven

tax paid in kind

tax basis, tax base

basis of taxation

tax fraud

tax base

tax base

tax policy, fiscal policy

tax rate, tax percentage

tax rate calculation

tax due date, due date for tax payment

tax decision

tax reporting

tax burden

tax solution

tax offence

tax offences

tax treaty; double taxation agreement; agreement between states to avoid double taxation

tax avoidance, tax planning

tax compliance, tax provisions

tax losses

tax audit

tax audit report

tax level

excise duty table

tax table

taxable income

taxable profit

tax account

tax account transaction

local tax office

exempt from tax, tax-free, untaxed, tax exempt, tax free, duty free

charge tax, lay a tax on, to impose tax (on)

tax authorities

untaxed reserves

tax subsidy

implementation of taxation

tax revenue

Tax Identification Number

taxation, assessment (of taxes)

assessment, assessed valuation

taxable value, taxation value, assessed value, rateable value; estimated value of a taxable property

tax value calculation, taxable value calculation, taxation value calculation; assessed value calculation, rate able value calculation; calculation of estimated value of a taxable property

tax assessment unit, taxable unit

fiscal capacity

taxation rating, tax classification

Tax Procedure Act

power to levy (and collect) taxes, taxing power

place of assessment, place of taxation

tax base, tax basis, rate of assessment

tax-based, taxation-based

taxation-based reserves

tax decision

tax certificate

year of assessment, fiscal year

deemed partnership, not a juridical person

exempt from tax, tax-free, untaxed

tax free cost

exemption from taxation, exemption from taxes

tax revenue, tax assets

provisions for taxation

reserve for taxes

tax responsibility

tax liabilities

tax liability register

statement of outstanding taxes

liable to tax, subject to taxation, taxpayer

apply for taxpayer status

tax liability

tax authority

tax department, tax office, regional tax office

tax surplus for the tax year

tax year, fiscal year

tax allowance, tax deduction

tax evasion

tax unit

tax rate, tax percentage, tax unit

tax unit

proportion

compare physical inventory

compare

comparison

comparable data

benchmarking, comparison analysis

adjustments (in appraisal)

benchmarking

comparable sales

comparability

comparable property

benchmark

comparative approach, comparative method

benchmark, basis for comparison, benchmark for comparison

control amount

elements of comparison, comparison factors

comparative figure, comparative information

tax audit for reference purposes; tax audit to gather reference information from sources other than the taxpayer

reference tax; tax to which the minimum income tax in the company’s taxation is compared

unit of comparison

peer-to-peer loan, P2P loan

peer-to-peer lending, P2P lending

water

water area

division of a water area

water protection

water supply, management of water services

water supply system, plumbing system

water supply plant

Act on Water Services

charges for water services

water supply plant network

alluvion, alluvial deposit; reliction area

coercive purchase of a reliction area

accretion; reliction, dereliction

public water works, water power station

Water Act

water bill

water rate

determination of water boundaries

water system, watershed

water economy

water damage

water resources

hydroelectric power, hydropower, water power

watercourse (drivable), fairwater, fairway

right to veto

units of volume

petition

sewer, sewerage, drain; drainage pipe; drain hole

public sewerage system

sewer system, sewer net, drainage system

sewage tax, sewer connection fee

drainage, sewerage

trade, external export, export; accounting transaction; an entry

export sale

export subsidy

alienation

outside services

liabilities, loan capital, creditors

adjacent

adjacent, neighbouring; adjoining

road-side area

adjacent angle

information and communication technology, ICT

information and communication technology, ICT

communication expenses

communication strategy

communication plan

communication network

green belt, green area, green zone, green belt (e.g. around the city)

green paper

green certificate

green electricity

entertainment

week

weekly rest compensation; compensation paid for work performed during weekly rest times

visa and residence permit to Finland

visa, tourist visa, Business Schengen Visa

Visa-free entry into the country

A visa-free cruise

Visa-free regime

framework

logical framework, logical framework matrix

reference rate

reference number

reference

barcode

penalty interest

penalty interest, late payment penalty, late-payment interest, overdue fine, invoice penalty interest

late payment penalty

non - deductible late payment penalty

failure, break, damage, defect

fertility

farm, plantation

cultivated area

arable land, cultivated land

open field system, joint ownership of arable land

genuineness, sincerity, good faith

bona fide, in good faith

sincere, impartial, frank, straightforward

oblique angle

rhombus

skewness, skew, curvature

official, formal

official inspection

formality

principle of judicial investigation; formality principle

ex officio

civil servant, public authority, administrative authority, official, public officer

valuation by the authorities

official permission

office, bureau, agency

litigious procedure

commencement of proceedings

defect, error, damage

false, erroneous, flawed, incorrect, inaccurate

false registration; incorrectly registered

correction of a mistake

penalty fee; penalty imposed by tax authorities where a taxpayer neglects his/her duty to notify or provides incorrect information to the tax authorities

clerical error

slip of the pen, error

public office, public post, position, job, post

executive assistance, judicial assistance

service

official certificate; extract from the population register

misconduct (in office), official misconduct

recreation area, amenity area, amenity land

river, stream, flow; electric current, current

current; trend; direction, flow

excise duty on soft drinks

duty on soft drinks, excise duty on soft drinks

vision

visions (prospects)

leverage ratio

coming into force, becoming effective

date of entry into force, effective date

electric transmission line

valid until

effective, in force, valid

term, term of a contract, effective period of a contract, validity

effective date from

resources

electric power company, power company

lubricant

positive risk; chance of winning

profit-sharing, distribution of profit, allocation of profits

transfer of profit

profit

earnings before interests and taxes (EBIT)

profit before extraordinary items

profit before appropriations and taxes, profit before transfers and taxes

profit and loss

profit from sales (products)

profit-and-loss account

profit sharing, participation (share) in the profits

interest in profits, share in the profits

non-profit organisation, non-profit making organisation

effective tax rate on profits

profit margin

price markup, relative profit margin

profit-sharing bonus; remuneration distributed among employees and determined based in the company's profits

profit percentage, percentage of profitability, percentage of profit

profit target

profit and loss account

payments from profits, profits tax

profit tax

tax in kind

volatility

volume, size

volume meter, volume indicator, electrical speech level meter

flow chart

rent, fixed-term lease, lease, tenancy

lease term, term of a lease, tenancy

leased land, leased territory

redemption of a lease, redemption of the rental area

rental dwelling, leased apartment, rental flat

rented housing market

vacant, unlet

renting; leasing

leasehold terms, terms of the lease, tenancy conditions

forehand rent, deposit

rental room

rented flat, rental apartment

housing service, rental service

renovation, improvement of leasehold apartment

rent inducement

rent ceiling

leased property, leasehold property, rental property

rents, rental costs

rental costs

lessee, tenant, leaseholder

tenant representation, tenant representation activities

tenant's fixtures, tenant's furniture

leasing, rental

rent, rent payment, leasing charge

rental market

rent market, rental market

rent expense account

rental expenses

lessee, tenant

stepped rents, rent escalations, rent indexation

reduction in rent, rent reduction

lessor, landlord

rent increase

rental period

rent free period

leasehold value

leaseholder, holder of a lease

compensation for lease interest

assignment of a lease, transfer of a lease

sublease, assignment of a lease, transfer of a lease, lease assignment

leasehold, lease interest, lease, leasehold interest

rent request; rent price

tenancy dispute

arrears of rent

lease receivables, rent receivable

assignment of a lease, transfer of a lease

assignment of a lease, transfer of a lease

lease, leasehold agreement, tenancy agreement, rental agreement

tenancy, rental relationship

lease out, rent out, let; lease, rent

rental guarantee

tenement, tenement-house

housing company

loss of rent

rental level

rent-free

site leasehold possession, rental land management

leasehold site, rented plot

site leasehold register

leasable space, rentable space

rental revenue account

rental income

rental income

leased employee

temporary staff, temporary labor, temporary personnel, temporary work force

leasing, letting on lease, renting

occupancy rate

collateral, rent security deposit, rent deposit, rent guarantee

day, twenty-four hours

daily rest period

alternation allowance, job alternation compensation

additional compensation for shift work

interaction (in planning)

year

annual declaration, annual information return

annual discount

year end bonuses

consolidated, general, master budget, comprehensive budget, annual profit plan

annual review

annual report

annual income limit

annual interest rate, annual percentage rate, annual percentage rate of charge

annual additions report

annual leave, annual holiday, regular leave (provided once a year)

annual holiday, regular leave (provided once a year)

holiday premium, annual holiday compensation

holiday pay

holiday premium, holiday pay, vacation pay

annual report

annual level, annual basis

annual statement, annual report

annually, every year

annual supervision, annual monitoring

annual income limit

floating policy, open cover, open policy

annual growth

annual interest, interest per annum, per cent per annum

registration of population data

population growth

civic defences

population problem, population issue

population register

minority interest

minuend

VAT deduction

deductible tax

depreciated replacement cost, reduced replacement cost method

deductions

deductions from a bank loan

deduction, subtraction, discount, reduction, decrease

deductible from taxable amount, giving a tax discount, providing a tax discount

non-deductible, non-deductible from taxable amount

non - deductible late payment penalty

subtraction

subtraction expression

right of deduction, right to deduct

subtrahend

living wage, minimum salary

minimum share capital

minimum requirements

minimum lease payments

least developed countries

retailing, retail trade

low demand, sluggish demand, slack demand

minor deviation

minor importance

sparsely wooded

low-emission, fuel efficient, low-carbon

temporary

interim finance, temporary funding

temporary tax-exempt use

mid-term evaluation, interim assessment

intervention

indirect

indirect costs

indirect ownership

indirect investment

indirect tax

indirect costs

interim financial report

interim report, progress report, intermediate report

temporary account

interim financial statements

broker, intermediary

intermediary organisation

correspondent bank‚ advising bank

direct beneficiaries

direct beneficiaries

direct expenses, direct costs

direct costs, direct expenditure

direct objectives

intermediate product

commission, brokerage fee

commission, brokerage

commission rate, commission percentage

direct

direct tax; tax to be paid directly by the taxpayer

route, highway, motorway, freeway

fairway fee, fairway dues, fairway charge

encroachment, misuse

bias, deviation from the norm, distortion

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